Filoviruses

Filoviruses

Filoviridae
Filoviridae is the family of viruses that belong to the order Mononegavirales. Filoviruses are single stranded negative sense RNA viruses that target primates. There are two genera: the Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus. These viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fevers, characterized by bleeding and coagulation abnormalities, often leading to death. The name is derived from the Latin word filum, alluding to the thread-like appearance of virus particles in electron microscope images.[1]

History
The filoviridae family was discovered in 1967 when 31 people were infected with the Marburg virus in Marburg, Germany after working with tissue from monkeys imported from Uganda.[2] Seven people who caught the disease died. All subsequent human outbreaks have occurred in sub-Saharan Africa The second genus of the filoviridae family,

Ebola virus, was discovered in 1976 when outbreaks occurred in northern Zaire and southern Sudan. Years later, there was one outbreak near Washington, D.C. in 1989. The virus was Ebola Reston(REBOV), and it was eventually discovered that Reston has no effect on humans. On July 8, 2009, it was reported that Ebola-Reston had appeared again, this time in the Philippines, where it infected swine. There is ongoing concern that infection of swine could both infect the food supply or potentially lead to the emergence of a REBOV variant that affects humans. The existing human variants Ebola virus is potent, having a mortality rate of 20% to 90% reported in some of the Zaire Ebola outbreaks.

The infection is a zoonosis, which means that the virus is transmitted to humans from other animals, but the natural reservoirs of the Marburg virus and the Ebola virus are not known.[3] Bats, have been suspected because some species have been found asymptomatically and naturally infected with Ebola virus.[4]
The mechanisms through which filoviruses spread are not fully understood. The route of transmission from animals to humans is unknown. Person-to-person transmission occurs primarily through physical contact with infected bodily fluids, such as infected blood or vomit.

Bibliography

Kuhn, Jens H. (2008), Filoviruses - A Compendium of 40 Years of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies. Archives of Virology Supplement, vol. 20, Vienna, Austria: SpringerWienNewYork, ISBN 978-3211206706
Ryabchikova, Barbara B.; Price (2004), Ebola and Marburg Viruses - A View of Infection Using Electron Microscopy, Columbus, Ohio, USA: Battelle Press, ISBN 978-1574771312
Klenk, Hans-Dieter; Feldmann, Heinz (2004), EBOLA and MARBURG VIRUSES - Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wymondham, Norfolk, UK: Horizon Bioscience, ISBN 978-0954523237
Klenk, Hans-Dieter (1999), Marburg and Ebola Viruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - Ergebnisse der Mikrobiologie und Immunitätsforschung, vol. 235, Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3540647294
Pattyn, S. R. (1978), EBOLA VIRUS HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER - Proceedings of an International Colloquium on Ebola Virus Infection and Other Haemorrhagic Fevers held in Antwerp, Belgium, December 6-8, 1977, Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, ISBN 0-444-80060-3, http://www.itg.be/ebola/, retrieved 2009-05-31
Martini, G. A.; Siegert, R. (1971), Marburg Virus Disease, Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-0387051994

Filoviruses
Rotavirus Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Rift Valley Fever Rickettsial Infections Rhinitis Reye's syndrome Respiratory Syncytial Virus Relapsing Fever Rat-Bite Fever Rare Diseases Ragweed Allergy Radiation Therapy Rabies Fragile X Syndrome Foodborne Illness Food Poisoning � Causes, Symptoms And Treatment Food Irradiation Flavorings-Related Lung Disease Filoviruses Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Overweight and Obesity Ovarian Cancer Ovarian Cancer Symptoms Orf Virus Oral Cancer Onychomycosis- Fungal Nail Infection	Filoviruses Filoviridae Filoviridae is the family of viruses that belong to the order Mononegavirales. Filoviruses are single stranded negative sense RNA viruses that target primates. There are two genera: the Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus. These viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fevers, characterized by bleeding and coagulation abnormalities, often leading to death. The name is derived from the Latin word filum, alluding to the thread-like appearance of virus particles in electron microscope images.[1] History The filoviridae family was discovered in 1967 when 31 people were infected with the Marburg virus in Marburg, Germany after working with tissue from monkeys imported from Uganda.[2] Seven people who caught the disease died. All subsequent human outbreaks have occurred in sub-Saharan Africa The second genus of the filoviridae family, Ebola virus, was discovered in 1976 when outbreaks occurred in northern Zaire and southern Sudan. Years later, there was one outbreak near Washington, D.C. in 1989. The virus was Ebola Reston(REBOV), and it was eventually discovered that Reston has no effect on humans. On July 8, 2009, it was reported that Ebola-Reston had appeared again, this time in the Philippines, where it infected swine. There is ongoing concern that infection of swine could both infect the food supply or potentially lead to the emergence of a REBOV variant that affects humans. The existing human variants Ebola virus is potent, having a mortality rate of 20% to 90% reported in some of the Zaire Ebola outbreaks. The infection is a zoonosis, which means that the virus is transmitted to humans from other animals, but the natural reservoirs of the Marburg virus and the Ebola virus are not known.[3] Bats, have been suspected because some species have been found asymptomatically and naturally infected with Ebola virus.[4] The mechanisms through which filoviruses spread are not fully understood. The route of transmission from animals to humans is unknown. Person-to-person transmission occurs primarily through physical contact with infected bodily fluids, such as infected blood or vomit. Bibliography Kuhn, Jens H. (2008), Filoviruses - A Compendium of 40 Years of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies. Archives of Virology Supplement, vol. 20, Vienna, Austria: SpringerWienNewYork, ISBN 978-3211206706 Ryabchikova, Barbara B.; Price (2004), Ebola and Marburg Viruses - A View of Infection Using Electron Microscopy, Columbus, Ohio, USA: Battelle Press, ISBN 978-1574771312 Klenk, Hans-Dieter; Feldmann, Heinz (2004), EBOLA and MARBURG VIRUSES - Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wymondham, Norfolk, UK: Horizon Bioscience, ISBN 978-0954523237 Klenk, Hans-Dieter (1999), Marburg and Ebola Viruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - Ergebnisse der Mikrobiologie und Immunitätsforschung, vol. 235, Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3540647294 Pattyn, S. R. (1978), EBOLA VIRUS HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER - Proceedings of an International Colloquium on Ebola Virus Infection and Other Haemorrhagic Fevers held in Antwerp, Belgium, December 6-8, 1977, Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, ISBN 0-444-80060-3, http://www.itg.be/ebola/, retrieved 2009-05-31 Martini, G. A.; Siegert, R. (1971), Marburg Virus Disease, Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-0387051994
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